How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can affect adults too. Diagnosed and treated for ADHD an individual can lead a happier life.
An evaluation for ADHD might include interviewing the patient and their family members. The specialist may look over the school records from the past to determine if symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Symptoms
Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying organized from time to time, but for someone who suffers from ADHD this can cause problems with school, work and home life. To be diagnosed with the disorder, one must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly impair the daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will inquire of the patient about his or her symptoms, as well as regarding any medical issues or family history. They can also use rating systems to measure symptoms in adults or children. These questionnaires are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These questionnaires ask about the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
In adult patients, doctors may ask to speak with an intimate partner or others who know the patient well. This is not a way to doubt the patient's honesty, but to gain more insight about their behavior that isn't gained from an interview. It is also possible to inquire about their childhood behavior, and look at old school records to determine whether the symptoms began before age 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and run tests in the lab to rule out other ailments for thyroid issues or head injuries, which could cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also review the patient's list of medications. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments may interact with stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when suggesting treatments. This is why it's important for adults to speak to their primary care providers when they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in more than one setting (like school, home, and at work) and seriously hinder functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by another disorder like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional or doctor will use a variety of tools during the assessment that include ADHD symptoms checklists, standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask whether there are any other psychiatric conditions or physical illnesses that display similar symptoms.
Evaluators will take into account whether the symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also look at the person's medical history as well as family history to ensure there isn't any underlying cause for their issues like thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In some instances an evaluator might decide to conduct a cognitive test or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, like mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders or alcohol abuse. People who suffer from these issues tend to show different symptoms than those who don't have them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls display inattentional symptoms.
Some people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical study to test new treatments. While this is a fantastic opportunity to contribute to further research, it is crucial for participants to know that the purpose behind these studies is to gain knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. For more information on clinical trials, check out NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect you might have ADHD Find a doctor who is trained to diagnose the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider for confirmation if ADHD specialists are covered. You could also ask your family physician or other health professionals for referrals. Also, word-of mouth referrals are a good option.
A doctor will ask the patient - or parents in the case of children - about their issues. She may use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, or ask for details from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to review any records the person might have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of the individual. To be diagnosed, symptoms must have existed from the time of childhood (technically before age 12).
Physical examinations are also usually done. It will look for any other medical problems that could be the cause of the symptoms, such as thyroid problems or seizure disorders. A neurological exam is usually performed by a specialist to assess the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, which are designed to measure abilities and intelligence, may be used as well. Additionally the person could be asked to perform simple computer tasks that evaluate attention and memory. This can help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive or hyperactive or impulsive. The expert will choose the treatment plan and provide an appropriate diagnosis. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping strategies and alter unhelpful thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary doctor or a mental health professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD are helped by medication, but it's not the only way to treat the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both can be beneficial to children, teens, and adults. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to manage them. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, can be included. They can include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health care professional with experience treating ADHD. You can request recommendations from other people with ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or perform an online search. It is best to locate a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The doctor will ask you or your child about the symptoms and problems that are caused by ADHD. They will do an examination of the body and look for other health issues which could trigger similar symptoms. They will look over your or your child's medical history and family information, school records and other reports.
visit your url 's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is primarily geared towards diagnosing children, has a more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider will interview you or your child about the signs, and may request others who spend a lot of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They work by boosting levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders, such as depression or anxiety. For this reason, treatment should include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches abilities like time and task management, emotional self-regulation, and impulse control.
Therapists can also assist patients to manage their symptoms by changing their lifestyle. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is important as well. People with ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar, and less fruits and vegetables. Making social and family relationships priority can help reduce stress and help people feel more in charge of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid adults and children to comprehend their difficulties. A child suffering from ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers or other peers. Once a teacher understands that this is not an individual issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can provide accommodations.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are geared to the person's age, talk to family members and teachers, review medical records, and look for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms began before the age of adulthood school records can be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is often included, and the expert will likely check for hearing and vision issues. They might also conduct tests on blood to test for certain hormones, and other health issues that could cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.